Invitro synthesis of different metal nanoparticles using the purified enzymes and proteins from Fusaroum oxysporum,actinomycetes and plant extracts

I didnt presented powerpoint presentation on my work nor i didnt gave any declaration in any slide regarding this.Infact,the eligibility criteria for participation is not only the research work done by the participant.ppt can also be given by gathering data/information regarding their intrested topic.for example many participants gave ppt on cancer curing methods by using different techniques, cryo preservation of ovaries etc... did it mean that is their research work?? the application of nanoparticles etc does not imply that
The synthesis of nano particles by nanoparticles from guava plant by fusarium sps and synthesis of nanoparticles by using actinomycetes and fungi are already done by many scientist around the world... if u go through my presentation it is clearly given that ,presentation is focused only to enlight the ecofriendly procedures for the synthesis of nanoparticles so as to give an idea to spectators regarding this procedures... kindly go through the eligibility criteria..

Severalplants have been successfully used for efficient and rapid Neem Azadirachta indica) leaf broth has also been used for the extracellular synthesis of pure metallic silver, gold and bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles. Use of neem leaf extract for nanoparticle synthesis has an advantage in terms of the rapid formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles at higher concentrations. The silver and gold nanoparticles were polydisperse, with a large percentage of gold particles exhibiting an interesting flat, platelikemorphology, while silver nanoparticles formed in the mixtures were spherical, polydisperse and of 5 to 35 nm in diameter. This characteristic of competitive reduction of Au3+ and Ag+ ions by neem leaf extract leads to the synthesis of bimetallic Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles ranging in size from 50 to 100 nm.Most probably, the stabilizing/reducing molecules were citronellol and geraniol, which are known to be present in larger concentrations in Pelargonium graveolens.

The Control over shape and size of gold nanoparticles has been achieved using lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus).Anisotropic gold nanotriangles have been synthesized by the reaction of lemongrass extract with aqueous gold ions. Size of the gold nanotriangles was controlled by varying the concentration of the lemongrass extract in the reaction medium. With increasing amounts of extract added to the HAuCl4 solution the average size of the triangular and hexagonal particles decreased, while the ratio of the number of spherical nanoparticles to triangular/hexagonal particles increased.
In contrast to geranium, synthesis of gold triangles with 1 mmol L−1 aqueous chloroaurate (HAuCl4) solution took longer and completed in 48 h.5 The gold nanotriangles synthesized by the lemongrass plant seem to grow by a process involving rapid reduction, assembly and room temperature sintering of ‘liquid-like’ spherical gold nanoparticles.thus the above mentioned plants have different advantages n we can say that all the 3 plants are best in the production of nanoparticles.

This represents an environmentally friendly and economic gold nanoparticle biosynthesis. Furthermore, the rate of nanoparticle synthesis with this plants has been found to be best than comparable to chemicalmethods.

by the analysis of the above information regarding plants oriented nanoparticle synthesis, we can clearly come to an idea supporting the the above process than to microbes oriented synthesis.becoz, after the completion of the process the harventing of fungal mycelia,and the seperation of nanoparticles requires sophisticated equipments.and also the preparation of desired media for the growth of micro organisms,maitaining of the desired optimum cond for their growth n synthesis is a hectic process .moreover the latter process, takes abt 72 hrs for the process to complete.. where as the earlier process can be completed with minutes mostly.thank u

hi,varsha thank u... and last time i asked for a clarificatin for ur second question, u didnt send me a reply regarding that.. please send it so that i can send reply....and coming to ur present question,nanoparticles synthesised using any methods such as from microbes,plant extracts and chemical methods posses the same applications... and no specific toxicity is implicable to the nano particles synthesised from plant extracts and microbes.plant extract usage is develped inorder to avoid environmental pollution which is caused by the implenmentation of chemical methods.... thus a conclusion can be made that 'the usage of plant extracts and microbes as a substitutional method of chemical synthesis'..nanoparticles are applicable in various fields like medicne,food processing , agriculture,etc.so anything in excess usage leads to damage.so, when the experiments conducted regarding medicinal applications excess implementation of nanoparticles showed its toxicity in various organs of animals( experiments carried on rats)..especially the gold and silver particles have their own applications in medicine ,for which u can go through my presentation application slides.. any technology when implemented excessely leads to destructing results.coming to nanotechnology,itis a two way edged sword...which possess both constructive and destructive applications.....

first of all, kindly excuse me sir for delay in sending reply.
In the extracellular biosynthesis of naparticle4s using Fungus Fusarium Oxysporum And Actinomycete, thermomonospora .Sp the fungal mycellial (cell) mass develops distinct characteristic colour. Biomass remains colourless after filtration.And now the Solution containing metal nanoparticle is then characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM, SAED. in case of Intracellular biosynthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (Au,Ag,CdS) using Endophytic fungus, Verticillium. and Alkalotolerant Actinomycete,thermonospora sps After few hours, the fungal mycelial (cell) mass develops distinct characteristic colour & solution remains colourless after filtration.
Biomass-nanoparticle composite is characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, EDAX, TEM and SAED. this is suitable for analysis of inorganic elements present in the NP's becoz,Gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit striking colours (pink to blue for gold and light yellow to brown for silver) due to excitation of surface plasmon vibrations in the particles

In The plant based biosynthesis,the initial color of the solution after the addition of microwave exposed aqueous guava leaf solution to aqueous HAuCl4 solution was colorless.The intensity of the color of reaction mixture changes to dark purple with in 5 min.The formation of nanoparticles was understood from the UV–visible and X-ray diffraction studies.The biosynthesis reaction accelerates with the time, and the intensity of color of the reaction mixture increases rapidly.

In the case of bacteria, most metal ions are toxic and therefore, reduction of the ions or formation of water insolublecomplexes is a defence mechanism developed bybacteria to overcome such toxicity. In the case of fungi ,verticillium does not die on either exposure to silver ions or after washing prior to measurement. Thus, the fullcapability of using micro-organisms in the synthesis ofnanoscale materials may be realized if their ability to multiply
(and cover large surface areas) is not compromised on exposure to metal ions as demonstrated earlier by many researchers.

The charge of the prepared nanoparticles is a positive charge basically.thus able to bind with the pathogenic bacteria and causes the cell lysis when used in therauptic applications. some times the flouresent dyes are used to coat these particles for flouresent techniques .

The concentration of surfactants used in the investigation varies depending upon the type and amount of substrates utilised and the amount major chemical ingredients added to the plant extracts.however only high concentrations of the surfactants are utilised in the biosynthesis when compared with the chemical methods.To extend the shel life silver nanoparticles were stabilized by two surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate-SDS andpolyoxyethylenesorbitane monooleate-Tween-80 and a polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone-PVP 360 .

0.25 ml 1% aqueous PVA solution is used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from polyvinyl alcohol method and the molecular weight of pvp is between (MW=2400-2800).

The zeta potential of 30 weeks stored colloidal solution of bio-stabilized AuNP was −30 mV, which suggests the fair redespersibility of the particles. thank you sir.

Nano silver particles are used in wound healling process to make wound scar free
Silver particles are also used in developing water filters and air filters .
These are also used in curing cancer along with gold nano particles .
Silver particles are also used in combination with other drugs for curing many diseases .
Ag NPs will inhibit the replication in Hut/CCR5 cells causing HIV-associated apoptosis .
gold nanoparticles are also used in curing many diseases oriented with vital organs of the boby.
Nanoparticle translocation to the blood stream and central nervous system
Interestingly, nanoparticles could avoid normal phagocytic defences in the respiratory system and gain access to the systemic circulation or even to the CNS. Once inhaled and deposited, nanoparticles can translocate to extrapulmonary sites and reach other target organs by different mechanisms. The first mechanism involves passing of nanoparticles across epithelia of the respiratory tract into the interstitium and access to the blood stream directly or via lymphatic pathways, resulting in systemic distribution of nanoparticles...thus can be used to treat brain tumors and other targeted organ diseases.

gluteraldehyde also called as pentanedial is genarally used as an antimicrobial agent another important applications are, it is used as an embalming fluid/ fixative agent.It should be noted that this is in small concentrations. gluteraldehyde is highly toxic to algae than to fungi..when used as an fixative in low concentrations it does not alter the properties of fungi.gluteraldehyde is one among the fixative agents used in various microscopy techniques. and there is no refference showing the intoxic effect of gluteraldedhyde on living organisms to my knowledge,expect it is used in low conc for fixation purpose.In human beings its effect ranges from headache to coma depending upon its concentration and the time of its exposure.

To my knowledge there is no need of standardisation of biologically obtained nano particles with referrence standard or with chemically prepared nanoparticles.and regarding to ur another question,is it related to the preclinical data for nanoparticles applications in curing diseases or the toxic effects of high doses of nanoparticles ? or on the therauptic applications of silver and gold nanoparticles??

procedure for the seperation of goldnanoparticles synthesised by using guava plant extract does not involve any special procedures.the crude leaf extract obtained was filtered with whatmann filter paper no 40.and appropriate amount of filterate is added to the desired chemical solution ie chloroauric acid. (HAuCl4)is added and kept on a shaker at 27°C for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles.

The stability of gold nanoparticles produced from leaf extract can be explained by the zeta potential.let me explain first what is zetapotential,the potential between a stationary fluid layer enveloping the particle and the bulk-solution phase can be determined by measuring the mobility of the particle in an applied electrical field. The potential between the tightly bound surface liquid layer (shear plane) of the particle and the bulk phase of the solution is called zetapotential. Zeta potential serves as an important parameter in characterizing the electrostatic interaction between particles in dispersed systems andthe properties of the dispersion as affected by this electrostatic phenomenon.the physical stability of a colloidal system is determined by the balance between the repulsive and attractive forces ,as zetapotential is a good indicator of the repulsive forces b/w the colloidal particles ,measurment of this has been commonly used to asses stabilitya high zetapotential is required to produce a potential barrier to oppose coagulation and to maitain stability.and coming to ur next question,to my knowledge and the information i gathered, the cost factor for gold nanoparticles depends upon the way of synthesis one chooses and it also depends upon the chemicals, filteration equipment etc.

Actinomycetes are microbes that share important character of fungi and prokaryotes such as bacteria even though they are classified as prokaryotes due to their close affinity with mycobacteria and coryneforms.they are originally designated as 'Ray fungi'.as described thermomonospora is alkalothermophilic in nature with optimum PH of 9 and temp of 50c. Current research is going on to isolate marin actinomycetes for the synthesis of nanoparticles. the basic advantage of utilising microbes of any origin lies in that it is an ecofriendly method which does not release chemical wastes into the environment.

yes it is a known fact that many of the inorganic metal ions like silver,copper has got the property of Oligodynamic proerty and their synthesis by using fungi and actinomycetes can be supported on the basis of the reason that silver and other metal ions are employed as antimicrobial in their ionic state than in metallic state.and if you study the iformation clearly, it is evident that, for the synthesis purpose the cultured biomass of the fungi is treated with the metal salt solutions. for example silver nitrate etc are used and this is reduced by the enzymes released by the fungi either intracellularly or extracellularly leading to the formation of nanoparticles of desired inorganic metals.the nanoparticles that are synthesised do not posseses any antigenicity as they are made into powders,etc after purification.they posses the same properties like nanoparticles synthesised by using chemical procedures,and chemical agents.

Physical (vapour deposition, lithography, radiolysis) and Chemical (reduction by borohydrate or citrate) methods of Nanoparticles synthesis are Hazardous, Eco-unfriendly, and yield big particles.Novel, rational, Ecofriendly and simple Biosynthetic method is developed for nanomaterials of different compositions.various sizes of the nanoparticles can be obtained with less effort.and mainly the environmental toxicity can be reduced by implimenting and utising microbes for the synthesis of nanoparticles.

thanks for ur complement... n coming to ur question, the answer is as follows invitro synthesis is the one type of synthesis carried out in an artificial environment,where all the optimal conditions, nutrition etc are provided externally.as,the synthesis of nano particles is carried in the laboratory under desired conditions, the process is defined as invitro synthesis of nano particles using desired microbes and also from plant extracts.ofcourse the process contain both intracellular and extracellular depending on the formation of nanoparticles inside or outside of the cell.hope my answer might be the apt one to ur question.bye