Nanotechnology: Tiny technology –Tremendous Therapeutic Potential

the most recent advancement in this area is development of insuline pumps. this facilitate to deliver insuline via lungs, no need to make a injection every time when a patient need to take insuline.
and for your second question, if you have gone through the presentation then you would have come across the nanoshell that can be used for drug delivery, liposomes can also be used, for drug delivery.
hope i have justified your doubt
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from; ruchitbahi patel

The nanorobot includes external sensors to inform it of
collisions and to identify when it has encountered an obstacle
which will require a new trajectory planning. Aspects of the nonstructured opaque surrounding workspace, like the interior of the human body where the nanorobot is acting, must be considered in the navigational sensing design. In robotics fields there are often
many kind of sensors such as infrared, computer vision, chemical
sensors, and so forth which are normally used for robotics
navigational purposes. Optical sensors have been widely applied
in terrestrial mobile robotics but these have an extremely limited
range in a liquid environment. Types of sensors such as laser
rangefinders could be also used for underwater robotics but not
for nanorobotics sensing because, for instance, the laser energy
might excite or chemically alter the surrounding biomolecules that
the nanorobot is trying to capture. Although the infrared sensor
seems preferable for macroscale terrestrial robots, for underwater
robots the most common sensor approach involves the use of sonar
systems. Similarly the most addressable approach for nanorobots
in nanomedicine is to use acoustic waves. The blue cones
shown in represent regions that the robot’s sonar can
“hear”. Scientific visualization techniques permit rapid and
precise geometric analysis to simulate a sonar classification
system
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from ruchitbahi patel

well these nanoparticles need to synthsized. they can be synthizied at laboratory as well as factory scale. there are specific procedure for the preperation of nanoparticle.
and regarding the cost of production i will say that the procedure is patented so it will cost much more that the conventiona;l therapy but the effectiveness and the accuracy , safety , seclectiviyt for tumort cells and non damaging nature to normal human cells all make them to prove more useful than conventional therapy, though it will cost more.
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Emend Antiemetic oral
Dalargin Analgesic Intravenous
Doxorubicin Anticancer Intravenous
Paclitaxel Anticancer Intravenous
Cytokine inhibitor Chron’s disease oral
Busulfan Anticancer Intrathecal
Dignostic agent Imaging agent Intravenous
Rapamune Immunosuppresant oral
Rifampin (RMP), Anti TB oral
Isoniazid (INH), Anti TB oral
Pyrazinamide (PZA) Anti TB oral
Finofibrate Lipid lowering oral

truely speaking i have no idea about the cost of this drug delivery.
and thee ans to next question is alredy explained in my presentation, please go through the slides, well basically i can tell that the surface of the nanoparticles is modefied with the help of protein and antibodies that will bind to specific receptor after identifying it and in this way we get target based drug delivery.
hope i have justefied you
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from ruchitbahi patel

I am sure that brain cancer is an area of extreme interest to medical researchers who are pursuing nanotech approaches to cancer therapy. and no research been performed relating to the treatment of brain tumors using nanoshell technology, more over the passage of nanoshells through the blood brain barrier is belived not provide deired result.
only area left is brain tumor where nano shells are not applied
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from ruchitbhai patel

dear rishil kathawala
thank you very much fo your compliment.
the reason that out of 5 works 2 are on nanoparticles because it the most booming and new technology that have shown promicing result in the treatment of various dieses
that inclued
cancer

Alzheimer's disease

AIDS May be Cured by Nanotechnology With Nanoemulsion Nasal Vaccine Producing Immunity to HIV, Smallpox and Other Infectious Diseases.

We aim to cure diseases, a two year progressive transverse myelitis cured in three days

Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis (Lung Disease) can be cured by using Nanotechnology

hope i have justified you
thank you
from ruchitbhai patel

the advantages of nanoparticles is already discusse in the presentation and the disadvantages are as follow

While rapid advances are being made, significant road block must be surmounted before nanovectors can be applied in clinical setting.
For example, most of the nanovectors used in high contrast imaging(such as Quantum dots) are toxic and cant be applied to body. Injectable nano vectors(Nano particles and nano shells) while not necessarily toxic, still pose a tremendous risk if left in the body.
Over long period of time, nano particle may aggregate, potentially blocking arteries and veins or even blocking the kidneys, and there by creating a host of new problem. For any nano vector to be successfully clinical application, it must be either completely destroyed or biodegradable in-vivo.
Secondly nano vectors might also trigger sensitization reactions. For example, antibodies specific to Fullerenes have been described, dendrimers and protein-dendrimers conjugates have shown strong immunogenic response in this studies.
Hope i have satisfied you
From; Ruchitbhai Patel

nanoparticles are coated with antibodies and proteins that suppress the immune response in body and there for they can are compitable with artificial mitochnodria and the oxygenagainst the immunity.

A method of treating or preventing restenosis by administering to an individual an effective amount of an active ingredient comprising a bisphosphonate particle or a bisphosphonate particulate. The bisphosphonate may be encapsulated, embedded or adsorbed within the particle, dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix, adsorbed on the particle surface, or in combination of any of these forms. The particles include liposomes or inert polymeric particles, such as microcapsules, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, nanospheres, or microparticles. The particulates include any suspended or dispersed form of the bisphosphonate which is not encapsulated, entrapped, or adsorbed within a polymeric particle. The particulates include suspended or dispersed colloids, aggregates, flocculates, insoluble salts and insoluble complexes of the active ingredient. The active ingredient effects restenosis by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of the cell types involved in the restenotic cascade, such as macrophages/monocytes, fibroblasts and smooth-muscle cells.
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from ruchitbhai patel

dear shreesha v bhat
you are absolutely right the most recent nanoapplication is nano pumps, but my presentation mainly discusses about the application of nanotechnology in the treatment in cancer. and also i have discussed about insulin pumps in one of the answer to a question.
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from ruchitbahi patel

the mechanism of action nano tecnology chip is :-Antibodies attached to carbon nanotube wires create nanoscale sensors. When the antibody binds to
its target molecule—a specific cancer-related protein, for example—the carbon nanotube wire experiences
a sharp drop in its electrical conductivity that changes the current flowing between two electrodes,
known as the source and drain.
It is widely believed that thousands of genes and their products (i.e., RNA and proteins) in a given living organism function in a complicated and orchestrated way that creates the mystery of life. However, traditional methods in molecular biology generally work on a "one gene in one experiment" basis, which means that the throughput is very limited and the "whole picture" of gene function is hard to obtain. In the past several years, a new technology, called DNA microarray, has attracted tremendous interests among biologists. This technology promises to monitor the whole genome on a single chip so that researchers can have a better picture of the interactions among thousands of genes simultaneously.
i fulll\y agree with your idea of combining the nanotechnology chip and genee chip that can heip the achieve bette result in treatment of various diseases, nanotechnology chip will help to detect hte type and sevierity of disease and the gene chip will help to promote the growth and formation of desired protein in body and stop the progression of disease.
it will bring the revolution in the medicile science if we get desired result with this new cmbination.
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from ruchitbhai patel

Over long period of time, nano particle may aggregate, potentially blocking arteries and veins or even blocking the kidneys, and there by creating a host of new problem. For any nano vector to be successfully clinical application, it must be either completely destroyed or biodegradable in-vivo.
Secondly nano vectors might also trigger sensitization reactions. For example, antibodies specific to Fullerenes have been described, dendrimers and protein-dendrimers conjugates have shown strong immunogenic response in this studies.

respected sir
firstly i will say that i you are a genius on asking such question, as it is innovative idea
various nanotools and nanovectors are made up of carbon modefied in to various design., and some in organic molecules.
dyes can be used in preperation of nanoparticle but the problem of antigenicity to dyes while placed in body still remain usolved so we need to coat the nano particle that is made with dyes with a antibosy that prevents the anigenicity reaction in body and also increase the selectivity of that nanoparticle to a particulr target organ, that can also help in potentiating the diagnostic and therapeutic activity of dyes.
hope i have justified you
from ; ruchitbhai patel

dear khushbu hasmukh
While rapid advances are being made, significant road block must be surmounted before nanovectors can be applied in clinical setting.
For example, most of the nanovectors used in high contrast imaging(such as Quantum dots) are toxic and cant be applied to body. Injectable nano vectors(Nano particles and nano shells) while not necessarily toxic, still pose a tremendous risk if left in the body.
Over long period of time, nano particle may aggregate, potentially blocking arteries and veins or even blocking the kidneys, and there by creating a host of new problem. For any nano vector to be successfully clinical application, it must be either completely destroyed or biodegradable in-vivo.
Secondly nano vectors might also trigger sensitization reactions. For example, antibodies specific to Fullerenes have been described, dendrimers and protein-dendrimers conjugates have shown strong immunogenic response in this studies.
Hope i have satisfied you
From; Ruchitbhai Patel

dear kishor
other disease cured or in which nanotechnology can be useful include:-
Alzheimer's disease

AIDS May be Cured by Nanotechnology With Nanoemulsion Nasal Vaccine Producing Immunity to HIV, Smallpox and Other Infectious Diseases.

We aim to cure diseases, a two year progressive transverse myelitis cured in three days

Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis (Lung Disease) can be cured by using Nanotechnology

hope i have justified you
thank you
from ruchitbhai patel

dear jasmine jose

the application of nanotechnology include
1]Killing Cancer Cells
A device could be designed with the ability to identify and kill cancer cells. To achieve this, the device would have to have some binding sites to attach itself to cells to test them, a computer on board with information to compare the findings to see if the cell is cancerous and some poison which could be released on the cell in order to kill it.

The device would be able to go around the body in the circulatory system and using the binding sites check the different molecules surrounding it until a cancerous cell was detected.

By using acoustic signals the device would be able to send and receive instructions as well as determine where it is in the body, in a similar way to GPS in a car.

2]Providing Oxygen - Artificial Red Blood Cells
Using items such as bucky balls oxygen could be delivered to parts in the body where it is required, creating an artificial blood cell. This would help prevent tissue damage as it could detect when oxygen levels fell below a certain point and release the oxygen.

To completely become an artificial red blood cell, the device would also have to absorb oxygen when levels were higher than the threshold.

3]Artificial Mitochondria
The mitochondria within cells often fail after tissue injury cause by loss of blood flow, therefore increasing oxygen would not restore the tissue. However designing a device to be artificial mitochondria could help restore the functions of the cell, even if the original mitochondria are no longer active, thus restoring the metabolite levels in the body.

4]Taking Snapshots of the System
The devices could take tissue samples which they could then analyse at a molecular level. These samples could also be frozen to halt chemical process and allow the tissue samples to be analysed at a later date.

If these devices are able to self replicate, a lot of these devices could be going around the body, raking and analysing samples and eventually building up a picture of the whole body.

ans to next question
it is far better than conventional treatment due to selectivity for cancer cell and only localized killing of cancer cell without harming the normal cell. you might hvae got a better ides about how these nanovecotrs works if my animation would be working, un fortunatel they are not working in these site while they work in ppt slide show.
regarding cost effectiveness i will say that it is expected to be costilier than conventional treatment.

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from ruchitbhai patel

dear shilpa sambana
i am sorry that you are uable to get the mechanism of utelization of nanotools, my animation in the presentaion are not being played, or else you were for sure to understan, and even if you might have gone through my slides then you should have got it.
well the nano particles are coated with protein molecule and anibodies specific to cancer cell and which do not produce antigenicity.
one of the way how nanoparticles can be used is as follow, others are described in presentation.

the nanoparticles would be injected into the bloodstream and the nanoparticles would then use receptors to enable them to identify and latch onto target molecules.

Once the nanoparticles have been around the body, they will be removed using a magnet in a handheld unit and a small dual channel shunt inside an arm or leg artery.

Dual channel, meaning tube within a tube, would mean the blood would pass from the body into an inner diameter tube, then flow back into the body through an outer tube.

All the blood would circulate through the handheld unit, with the magnet detracting molecules of blood and the nanoparticles, which can then later be removed from the device.

All of this would then be able to take place in about 40 minutes!

hope i have cleared your doubt on utelization of nanoparticles

regarding the fate of nanoparticle after action i will say it is the only obstacle in the use of nanoparticle in cancer treatment,.
Over long period of time, nano particle may aggregate, potentially blocking arteries and veins or even blocking the kidneys, and there by creating a host of new problem. For any nano vector to be successfully clinical application, it must be either completely destroyed or biodegradable in-vivo.
Secondly nano vectors might also trigger sensitization reactions. For example, antibodies specific to Fullerenes have been described, dendrimers and protein-dendrimers conjugates have shown strong immunogenic response in this studies.

regarding cost effectiveness of the therapy i have no idea but it will cost more the recent conventional therapy.

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from ruchitbhai patel

I'm greatful to u Ruchitbhai for ur explanation
Thank u and all the very best.

Regards,

""PHARMA TROJANS""
http://www.pharmainfo.net/gangadhar-hari

dear gangadhar hari
firstly i will welcome your query which is worth to think about. the problem with nanovectors is that all nanovetctors are not biodegradable and this the limitation in nanotechnology which is still to be overcomed.
While rapid advances are being made, significant road block must be surmounted before nanovectors can be applied in clinical setting.
For example, most of the nanovectors used in high contrast imaging(such as Quantum dots) are toxic and cant be applied to body. Injectable nano vectors(Nano particles and nano shells) while not necessarily toxic, still pose a tremendous risk if left in the body.
Over long period of time, nano particle may aggregate, potentially blocking arteries and veins or even blocking the kidneys, and there by creating a host of new problem. For any nano vector to be successfully clinical application, it must be either completely destroyed or biodegradable in-vivo.
Secondly nano vectors might also trigger sensitization reactions. For example, antibodies specific to Fullerenes have been described, dendrimers and protein-dendrimers conjugates have shown strong immunogenic response in this studies.
Hope i have satisfied you
From; Ruchitbhai Patel

re sirisha
extremly in\mportant question you hvae asked,
i am not sure but due selectivity and specificity ofr tumor cells and less toxocity to normal cell, abelity to differer\ntiate between normal and cancer cell i can say that nanotools can be used to treat secondary stages of cancer.
more over some nanotools like nanoshell.; liposomes are nothing but drug reservior and shows selective action to cancer cells only though they contain chemotherapeutic agent.
hope i have justified you.
thank you
from ruchitbhai patel

ans to d)
Carbon nanotubes have shown its applications in the field of immunology too.
Novel nanomaterials for bioassay applications represent a rapidly progressing field of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. Here, we present an exploration of single-walled carbon nanotubes as a platform for investigating surface–protein and protein–protein binding and developing highly specific electronic biomolecule detectors. Nonspecific binding on nanotubes, a phenomenon found with a wide range of proteins, is overcome by immobilization of polyethylene oxide chains. A general approach is then advanced to enable the selective recognition and binding of target proteins by conjugation of their specific receptors to polyethylene oxide-functionalized nanotubes. This scheme, combined with the sensitivity of nanotube electronic devices, enables highly specific electronic sensors for detecting clinically important biomolecules such as antibodies associated with human autoimmune diseases.

dear Garima sharma
ans to b)
Dendrimers are a new class of hyper-branched polymer macromolecules that radiate from a central core with structural symmetry.
They could vary in shape, size, surface, flexibility, and topography and thus enable fabrication of functional nanoscale materials having unique properties.
Dendrimers could be used in the development of antiviral drugs, tissue repair scaffolds, and targeted carriers of chemotherapeutics.
Commercially certain dendrimers are now being used as immuno-diagnostic agents and gene transfection vectors.
Other transdermal applications include dendrimers which are extensively used to deliver drugs, vaccines, and chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy.
Its many branches allow other molecule to easily attach to its surface. Researcher have fashioned dendrimers into sophisticated anit-cancer machines carrying five chemical tools:-
A molecule designed to bind to cancer cells
Second that fluorescence upon locating genetic mutation
Third to assist in imaging tumor shape using X-ray
Fourth carrying drugs released on demand
That would send signal when cancerous cells are finally dead.
Some of the dendrimers based bionano applications include gene delivery, targeted cancer therapy, in vivo diagnoses (MRI), anti-infective agent delivery, vaccine and peptide delivery and drug delivery through oral and transdermal routes and ocular applications.
Dendrimers complexed with gadolinium III ions (gadomer-17) are being tested (phase I clinical trial) for magnetic resonance imaging angiography, further extending its frontiers.

ans to c)
i am sorry to tell you that i dont have reply to this question as no comparitive study have been made yet as to which is more potent nanoshell or nanobomb.

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from ruchitbahi patel

dear kaushalpathak

one of the way how nanoparticles can be used is as follow, others are described in presentation.

the nanoparticles would be injected into the bloodstream and the nanoparticles would then use receptors to enable them to identify and latch onto target molecules.

Once the nanoparticles have been around the body, they will be removed using a magnet in a handheld unit and a small dual channel shunt inside an arm or leg artery.

Dual channel, meaning tube within a tube, would mean the blood would pass from the body into an inner diameter tube, then flow back into the body through an outer tube.

All the blood would circulate through the handheld unit, with the magnet detracting molecules of blood and the nanoparticles, which can then later be removed from the device.

All of this would then be able to take place in about 40 minutes!

more over more mechanism of action of various nanotools is described in presentation and animation in my presentation(unfortunately not working in this presentation while working in slide show that i have prepared) well for your and on convenience you see the site that are in my presentation that will show you the animation which will clear your doubt on mechanism of action of nanotools
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from ruchitbhai patel

dear juhi

RE system include class of cells that occur in widely separated parts of the human body and that take up particular substances. These cells are part of the body’s defense mechanisms.
thus generally to avoid the REsystem is desirable in treatment of cancer,
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from ruchitbahi patel