Pharmacogenomics

1.Antya pharmaceutical industry.
2.Jayco chemical industry.
3.Calyx chemicals&pharmaceuticals.
4.Kremoint pharma pvt.Ltd.
5.vinayak industries. etc

So far no pharmacogenetic/genomic study has been conducted specifically for anxiety disorders. Some of the presented results, however, do pertain to such disorders. For example, pharmacokinetic aspects of antidepressant drug therapy likely also apply to patients with anxiety disorders, and several genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene family and drug transporter molecules, such as the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene type 1, have been reported to influence the pharmacokinetics of antidepressant drugs. At this stage of pharmacogenomics research, it is difficult to interpret the relevance of pharmacodynamic—genetic association studies conducted in depressed patients for anxiety disorders. A number of studies have reported an influence of polymorphisms of genes mostly in the serotonergic pathway on the response to antidepressant drugs in patients suffering from depression. In order to know whether they can be extrapolated to patients with anxiety disorders, clinical studies are warranted. Despite all the shortcomings of the currently available pharmacogenetic studies, this field holds great promise for the treatment of anxiety disorders. In the future, psychiatrists may be able to base treatment decisions (i.e., the type and dose of prescribed drug) on more objective parameters than only the diagnostic algorithms used now. This will limit unwanted side effects and adverse drug reactions, and could reduce time to response, resulting in a more individualized pharmacotherapy.

2.:Genetic factors are not the only influence on drug response. Environment and lifestyle are also important factors.
:The application of pharmacogenomics requires the existence of rapid, reliable, and inexpensive genetic tests.
:The clinical relevance of genetic variations must be proven.
:Applications are currently limited to a specific number of treatments for a limited number of illnesses.
:Health professionals, including doctors, nurses, genetic counselors, and pharmacists, will need to receive training before pharmacogenomics is integrated into medical practice.

1.some of the industries in india areconducting the pharmacogenomic studies.
With all of the multitude of challenges facing the pharmaceutical research and development process, the industry is actively exploring the relationships between human genetics and drug responsiveness, susceptibility to disease and disease severity. In Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, leading experts from the pharmaceutical industry, the scientific community and the government provide guidance for conducting pharmacogenomic research from discovery to the market, while also presenting a realistic perspective on the challenges, practicalities and obstacles in its application. Focusing on DNA data and associated analytical methodologies, with a consideration for complementary RNA-based studies, this volume includes a wide array of vital, cutting-edge research.
Comprehensive and timely, Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine will assist novice and experienced investigators alike in the understanding of the current scientific challenges in applying pharmacogenomics to drug discovery and clinical development.

As part of the Pharmacogenomics Research Unit, the The Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacogenetics conducts a wide variety of research including the study of genetic and environmental factors that influence the outcome of treatment with psychoactive drugs in children and adolescents as well as adults. Further, current studies are evaluating the influence of genetic factors on the placental passage of medications used during pregnancy. Current studies are directed at identifying specific drug transporters and assessing genetic factors that may influence the transport of psychostimulant and antipsychotic medications that ultimately modulate clinical effects and outcomes.

Drug-drug interactions, herbal supplement-drug interactions, and the effects of age and disease states on drug and metabolite disposition are also areas of focus. Laboratory methodology employed includes the use of cell culture, genetically altered (transgenic) animal studies, and drug assay development using various methods of analysis to support pharmacokinetic studies of drug disposition (drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) in both humans and animals.

Pharmacogenetic studies are conducted to characterize the genotype and/or phenotype of individual’s drug transporter proteins (e.g. P-glycoprotein) and drug metabolizing enzymes. Clinical investigations are conducted in healthy human volunteers as well as patients. Present funding is through the NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), Office of Dietary Supplements, and the pharmaceutical industry.

*In preclinical genetic expressions we are predicting the toxicity & the mechanism responsible for the toxicity.

*The potential biomakers responsible for the toxicity are determined by using these preclinical genetic expressions. Thus these preclinical genetic expressions are correlate to the clinical one to select the desirable therapy.

There are 10 more slides after preclinical studies. They are opening,please check it once
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