Pharmacogenomics in Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Cancer
By Ritesh Bajaj - 10/31/2009
(15 votes)
This perspective article will highlight how miRNA expression profiles can be used to diagnose a disease state and the deregulated miRNAs contribute to the initiation and development of this disease and its Pharmacogenomic utilization. Investigating microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns may be a powerful tool for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Novel miRNA analysis tools are now allowing researchers to rapidly identify known and new miRNAs in order to develop therapeutic solutions. Because of the prominence of miRNAs throughout the genome, they also have been implicated in several gene-activation pathways which generate genome-wide sequencing-based expression profiles of messenger and small RNA releasing two new applications: Digital Gene Expression for Tag Profiling and Digital Gene Expression for Small RNA Analysis. These applications offer researchers a robust platform for novel RNA discovery, accurate quantification of low-abundance messenger RNA and measurement of gene expression in any species without the need for prior sequence knowledge. MiRNA and other small RNA represent a widespread mechanism for coordinated regulation of gene expression. Dysfunctions of this mechanism result in a variety of disease states creating a set of prime therapeutic targets. Novel miRNA analysis tools allow researchers to quickly identify known and new miRNA and determine their physiological roles in both normal and diseased tissues. In addition to their utility in tumor classification, miRNA may be more useful than messenger RNA (mRNA) biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. An intracellular population of hundreds of miRNA represents a more concise set of biomarkers which could expedite the discovery of useful targets for diagnostics. Such work will go a long way in elucidating the role of miRNA in cancer processes and mark the next step in developing prime-time therapeutics based on small RNA. This abstract gives pharmacogenomics a new dimension explained in my PowerPoint presentation.
Author profile page link : http://www.pharmainfo.net/ritesh-bajaj
Co-author profile page link : http://www.pharmainfo.net/shevetababu
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hi Ritesh
Can you give me some more diagnostic details of your topic?
Give me the references of your topic
Hello Rithesh, What is the
Hello Rithesh,
What is the nature of inhibitors that bind to micro RNA i.e chemically they belong to which group,proteins or short oligonucleotides or something else.
Is it possible to stop inhibition of micro RNA by incorporating those compounds in to the cells which binds strongly to inhibitors so that micro RNA are blocked no more?.
Y Mahalaxmi
http://www.pharmainfo.net/y-mahalaxmi
1)can you suggest some
1)can you suggest some effective means of delivering miRNA to cancer cells???
2)Compare miRNA with p53?Which is better of the two?
Ayush A. Singhal
RPCP, CHANGA
GUJARAT
http://www.pharmainfo.net/ayushsinghal
hello Ritesh, nice
hello Ritesh,
nice presentation..
can you mention some specific characteristics of Lentiviruses, making them suitable vectors having gene therapeutic apllications in pharamcogenomics...
Regards,
Sakshi..
Sakshi Agrawal
http://www.pharmainfo.net/sakshi-agrawal
Hello
can u compare it with a personalised medicine?Is it applicable to all diseases?
P.Siva Pragathi
http://www.pharmainfo.net/pragathi
Nice presentation
How genetic polymorphism influences the kinetics of drug action?
ABHERI DAS SARMA
http://www.pharmainfo.net/abherids86
Dear Ritesh Does Locked
Dear Ritesh
Does Locked Nucleic Acids could be used in other DNA or RNA preprations to increse it's potency or stabilty by prolonging the half life?
Mr. Dixon Thomas, M. Pharm, M. S., RPh
http://www.pharmainfo.net/pharmacistdixon
Is pharmacogenomic is better
Is pharmacogenomic is better than chemotherapy & radiation therapy for treatment of cancer?
K.H.Patel.
My profile link is
http://www.pharmainfo.net/khushbu-hasmukh-patel
question
Is it possible to express the targetted miRNA in all diseased cells? What is the life span of miRNA?
DNA methylation and microRNAs
hello ritesh,
i wanted you to throw some light on the new aspects of the genetics of cancer pathogenesis such as DNA methylation and microRNAs.
Richa
http://www.pharmainfo.net/richa-rajani
cancer cell and normal cell
Dear Ritesh,
Can it be able to differtiate between cancerous and non cancerous( some time growth due to normal cell give rise to some mass but it is not tumor) growth diagnosis by using miRNA? if yes how, if no what might be other option.
Regards,
Amol
Amol
http://www.pharmainfo.net/amolsmalpani
are there any RNA based
are there any RNA based biomarkers being marketed for the diagnosis of cancer?
RNA based biomarkers
there are RNA based bio markers such as antisense oligonucleotides and locked nucleic acids which fecilitate this technique of miRNA and also other biomarkers include RNAi and siRNA mentioned clearly in the ppt. which are RNA based.
Deregulations in Mi RNA
1. What are the causes for deregulations in miRNA?
2. Name the stimulators and inhibitors of miRNA production.
3. Name the surface receptors present on mRNA for binding of miRNA.
4. Can we use miRNA for targeting the drugs to cancer.
binding of miRNAs to their target mRNAs
1. The binding of miRNAs to their target mRNAs also regulate mRNA levels and as a result protein expression. These can also regulate the expression of longer non-coding RNAs.miRNAs can block mRNA translation and affect both the expression of protein coding genes and long non-coding RNAs.
mrna provides the template from which ribosomes make proteins and there level within the cells are usually controlled by miRNA. miRNA inhibitors bind to miRNAs and stop them interfering with mRNA, meaning more mRNAs are translated to proteins.
2.Antisense Oligonucleotides & Anti-mRNA Oligonucleotides ( inhibitors )
Locked Nucleic Acids(stimulators)
3.RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)
4. yes we can use miRNA for TARGETTING drurs to cancer as they effect gene regulation in various proportions as explained in the ppt.
Hi Ritesh your ppt is clear
Hi Ritesh your ppt is clear and explained much about miRNA, can you tell some disadvantages or difficulties for carrying out the miRNA Analysis.
http://www.pharmainfo.net/raghavendraswamy
miRNAs advantages and disadvantages
advantages
Cancer initiation and progression can involve miRNAs. Their expression profiles can be used for the classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of human malignancies.
Loss or amplification of miRNA genes has been reported in a variety of cancers, and altered patterns of miRNA expression may affect cell cycle and survival programs.
Germ-line and somatic mutations in miRNAs or polymorphisms in the mRNAs targeted by miRNAs may also contribute to cancer predisposition and progression.
miRNA and other small RNA represent a widespread mechanism for coordinated regulation of gene expression. Dysfunctions of this mechanism result in a variety of disease states creating a set of prime therapeutic targets.
These novel miRNA analysis tools allow researchers to quickly identify known and new miRNA and determine their physiological roles in both normal and diseased tissue.
disadvantages
One drawback of miRNA technology was the induction of immune response by miRNA when injected in mice.In addition, the mice died, probably due to the saturation of the miRNA-processing system.
Understanding complex diseases and finding therapies requires integrating genetic, functional genomic, and bioinformatics data using a systems biology approach, which is a difficult approach
one needs specialized methods to study miRNAs.