Methods of estimation of multi-component formulations: A review
By - 06/19/2006
Mr. S.J. Daharwal
As the mankind made his way through remote times and places, he was always followed by disease and sickness from ill health. Thus originated drugs and medicines to cure it and began evaluation of practice of pharmacy and pharmaceuticals.
Market is flooded with combination of drugs in various dosage forms1 (Table-1). The multi-components formulations have gained a lot of importance nowadays due to greater patient acceptability, increased potency, multiple action, fewer side effects and quicker relief 2.
There is a plethora of analysis of such formulations without prior separation. For the estimation of multi-component formulation, the instrumental techniques, which are commonly employed, are spectrophotometry, GLC, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), HPLC etc. These methods are based upon the measurement of specific and nonspecific physical properties of the substances.
Spectrophotometric multi-component analysis
Absorption spectroscopy is one of the most useful and widely used tools available to the analyte for quantitative analysis. The relation between the concentration of analyte and the amount of light absorbed is the basis of most analytical applications of molecular spectroscopy. This method of analysis is gaining importance due to simple, rapid, precise, highly accurate and less time consuming. Spectrophotometric multi-component analysis can be applied where the spectra of drugs overlaps. In such cases of overlapping spectra, simultaneous equation can be framed to obtain the concentration of individual component; otherwise multi-component analysis can be applied on any degree of spectral overlap provided that two or more spectra are not similar exactly. Some examples are listed in table-2.
The various spectroscopic techniques used for multi-component analysis are as follows
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Simultaneous equation method (Vierodt’s method) 3
Concentration of several components present in the same mixture can be determined by solving a set of simultaneous equation even if their spectra overlap. If Beer’s law is followed, these equations are linier.
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Two wavelength method3
The method can be used to calculate the concentration of component of interest found in a mixture containing it along some unwanted interfering component. The absorption different between two points on the mixture spectra is directly proportional to the concentration of the component to be determined irrespective of the interfering component.
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The absorption ratio method3
The absorbance ratio method is a modification of the simultaneous equation procedure. It depends on the property that for a substance, which obeys Beer’s law at all wavelength, the ratio of absorbance at any two wavelengths is constant value independent of concentration or path length. e.g. Two dilutions of the same substance give the same absorbance ratio A1 / A2. In the USP, this ratio is referred to as Q value. In the quantitative assay of two components in admixture by the absorbance ratio method, absorbances are measured at two wavelengths. One being the λ max of one of the components (λ2) and the other being a wavelength of equal absorptivity of the two components (λ1), i.e., an iso-absorptive point.
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Geometric correction method3
A number of the mathematical correction procedures have been developed which reduce or eliminate the background irrelevant absorption that may be present in the samples of biological origin. The simplest of this procedure is the three-point geometric procedure, which may be applied if the irrelevant absorption is linier at the three wavelengths selected. This procedure is simply algebraic calculations of what the baseline technique in infrared spectrophotometry dose graphically.
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Absorption factor method (Absorption correction method) 3
It is further modification of simultaneous equation method. Quantitative determination of one drug is carried out by E (1%, 1 cm) value and quantitation of another drug is carried out by subtraction absorption due to interfering drug using absorption factors.
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Orthogonal polynomial method3
The technique of orthogonal polynomials is another mathematical correction procedure, which involves complex calculation than the three-point correction procedure. The basis of the method is that an absorption spectrum may be represented in terms of orthogonal functions.
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Difference spectrophotometry3
Difference spectrophotometry provides a sensitive method for detecting small changes in the environment of a chromophore or it can be used to demonstrate ionization of a chromophore leading to identification and quantitation of various components in mixture. The essential feature of difference spectrophotometric assay is that the measured value is the difference absorbance (∆A) between two equimolar solutions of the analyte in different chemical forms, which exhibits different spectral characteristics.
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Derivative spectrophotometry3
Derivative spectrophotometry is useful means of resolving two overlapping spectra and eliminating matrix interference due to an indistinct shoulder on side of an absorption bands. It involves conversion of normal spectrum [A= f (λ)]to its first [dA/ dλ = f (λ)], second [d2A/ dλ2 = f (λ)]and higher derivatives spectra where the amplitude in the derivative spectrum is proportional to the concentration of the analyte provided that Beer’s law is obeyed by the fundamental spectrum.
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Area under curve method4
In this method, the absorptivity values (ε1 and ε2) of each of the two drugs were determined at the selected wavelength range. Total area under curve of a mixture at wavelength range is equal to the sum of area under the individual component at that wavelength range. This method is applicable when the λ max of the two components are reasonably dissimilar, the two components do not interact chemically and both the component must be soluble in same solvent.
The methods deviated when overlapping of UV spectra of two drugs significantly and large difference in labeled strength5. e. g. Tizanidine HCl 3.0 mg and nimesulide 100.0 mg per tablet. The accuracy of the method depends upon nature of solvent, pH of solution, temperature, high electrolyte concentration and the presence of interfering substances.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC):
This technique is based on the same method of separation as classical column chromatography. i.e. adsorption, partition, ion exchange and gel permeation but it differ from column chromatography, in that mobile phase is pumped through the packed column under high pressure. The technique is most widely used for all the analytical separation technique due to its sensitivity, its ready adaptability to accumulate quantitative determinations, its suitability for separating nonvolatile species or thermally fragile ones. In normal HPLC, polar solids such as silica gel; alumina (Al2O3) or porous glass beads and non-polar mobile phase such as heptane, octane or chloroform are used but if the opposite case holds, it is called as reversed phase HPLC. Some examples are listed in table-3 and 4
High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC):
The principle is based on plane chromatography. The mobile phase normally is driven by capillary action. The prominent advantages of this technique includes possibilities of separating of up to 70 samples and standard simultaneously on a single plate leading to high throughout, low cost analogs and the ability to construct calibration curves from standard chromatography under the same condition as the sample. Analyzing a sample by use of multiple separation steps and static post chromatographic detection procedures with various universal and specific visualization regents that are possible because all the sample components are stored on the layer without the chance of loss. Some examples are listed in table-5.
Gas chromatography (GC):
GC is one of the most extensively used separation technique in which separation is accomplished by partitioning solute between a mobile gas phase and stationary phase, either liquid or solid. The chief requirement is same degrees of stability at the temperature necessary to maintain the substance in gas state. Some examples are listed in table-6.
Validation of methods6:
Validation by definition is an act of providing that any process, method, equipment, material, activity, system or analyst performs as expected under given set of conditions. When extended to an analytical procedure, depending upon the application it means that a method works reproducibility when carried out by a same or different person, in same or different laboratories, using different regent, different equipment etc. It will ensure commitment to quality of products and services. It builds a degree of confidence not only for the developer but also to the user.
Validation of analytical method should follow a well documented procedure beginning with the definition of the scope of the method and its validation criteria and including the compounds and matrices, desired detection and quantitation limits and any other important performance criteria. The scope of method should include different equipment and locations where the method will be run. The methods were validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and reproducibility of sample applications. Analytical method validation has been performed according to ICH guidelines. Accuracy of the method is certain on the basis of recovery studies performed by the standard addition method. The formula used for calculating recovery of pure drug is
Percentage recovery = T - A X 100 / S
Where T = Total amount of drug estimated
A= Amount contributed by formulation
S = Amount of pure drug added.
Precision of analytical method is expressed as SD and RSD of series of measurement by replicate estimation of drug.
The stability indicating ability of the method has been investigated by deliberately degrading the sample preparation. The stress conditions applied are acidic (0.1 M HCl), alkalis (0.1M NaOH) and mild oxidizing condition (3% H2O2) for 24 hr at 50 C. Also heat (60C) and U.V. exposure for 24 hr will be carried out on the sample.
The linearity of the method was investigated by serially diluting the stock solutions of drugs and measured values.
Ruggedness studies has been carried out for different parameters i.e. days and analysts. The results shall be compared with the method.
Conclusion:
The multi-drug therapy is an ancient phenomenon to combat interrelated symptoms of diseased status of human beings. Since it ensure timely and complete medication for disorder and it has patient compliance, as it reduces the number of formulations to be taken at a time. Therefore, the pharmaceutical formulations with combinations of drugs have shown an increasing trend to counteract other symptoms specific to one drug n formulation, and hence analytical chemist will have to accept the challenge of developing reliable methods for analysis of drugs in such formulation.
Simultaneous analysis procedures are now being used more frequently for estimation of drugs in multi-component pharmaceutical formulations due to their inherent advantages viz. avoid time consuming extraction and separation, economical in the sense that use of expensive regents is minimized are equally accurate and precise. . For the estimation of multi-component formulation, the instrumental techniques, which are commonly employed, are spectrophotometery, GLC, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), HPLC etc. The validation of methods has to validate by using same parameters as per ICH guidelines.
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110. Garg R. and Sharma A. K.; ‘Simultaneous determination of salbutamol and etofyllin by third derivative UV-spectrophotometery’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1997, 59(6), 295-298.
111. Sighvi I. and Chaturvedi S.C.; ‘Three spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of salbutamol and thiophyline from tablet’; Indian Drugs, 1998, 35(7), 421-428.
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114. Trivedi P. and Gangwal S.; ‘Comparative evaluation of two different spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of spiranolatone and frusemide from combined dosage form’; Indian Drugs, 1998, 35(7), 412-414.
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116. Liu, Tian-hu; Zhou, Mingdo; ‘Simultaneous sectrophotometric determination of two component in compound sulfamethoxazole by flexible tolerence simplex method’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 227561b.
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119. Trivedi P. and Gangwal S.; ‘Simultaneous determination of terbutaline sulfate, bromohexine HCL and guaiphenesin in three component tablet formulation by UV-spectrophotometer’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1999, 61(2), 128-130.
120. Trivedi P.; Jain D. K. and Agrawal D.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of tinidazole and clotrimazole in tablet formulation’; Indian Drugs, 1998, 35(8), 499-502.
121. Goba S.; Agrawal S.; Qmary A. and Razdan P. K.; ‘Colorimetric estimation of tinidazole and norfloxacin in combined solid dosage form’; East. Pharm., 1998, 41(483), 115-118.
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142. Rao J. R.; Kadam S. S. and Mahadik K. R.;‘HPLC determination of amlodipine and benazepril HCl in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(7), 378-381.
143. Tsou T. L.; Wv J. R.; Young C. D. and Wang T. R.; ‘Simultaneous determination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid in pharmaceutical products by HPLC with B-cyclo dextrin stationery phase’; J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997, 15(8), 1197-1205.
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145. Xu X. and Stewart J. T.; ‘ HPLC method for aspirin-caffeine- butalbital and acetaminophen -caffeine- butalbital mixture in tablet dosage forms using non-porous actadecyl siliane Colums’; J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 2000, 23(5), 769-779.
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147. Kaskhedikar S. G. and Argal Ameeta,; ‘Simultaneous estimation of bromohexine HCl and Cephalexine in capsule by HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(3), 137-139.
148. Badwe N.; Garg A.; Eapen D. and Seth P. D.; ‘‘Simultaneous estimation of bromohexine HCl, phnyl praopalamine HCL and Chlorphenaramine meleate in combined liquid dosage form by HPLC’; East. Pharm., 1995, 38(452), 179-180.
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150. Tipre D. N. and Kasture A. V. ; ‘Simultaneous estimation of ceprofloxacin and tinidazole in tablet dosage form using spectrophotometric and HPLC method ’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(3), 148-154.
151. Zarapkar S. S.; Rane A. V. and Rane S. H.; ‘HPLC determination of ciprofloxacin HCl and tinadazole in pharmaceutical preparation ’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(5), 408-410.
152. Bhatia M. S.; Kaskhedikar S. G. and Chaturvedi S.C.; ‘HPLC estimation of ciprofloxacin HCl and tinidazole from tablet’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1999, 61(5), 311-312.
153. Nan Nan and Chen Hua; ‘HPLC determination of codeine phosphate, ephedrine HCl and chlorphenaramine maleate in cocifedra-C syrup’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 185522g.
154. Ji Yibing and Chen Yuyong; ‘Simultaneous determination of dextromethorphen and pseudo ephedrine in compound tablet by HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2002,136/ 43001v.
155. Shinde V. M.; Desai B. S. and Tebdolkar N. M.; ‘Simultaneous determination of diclofenic sodium, paracetamol and chlormerzonone by HPLC from tablet’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1995, 57(1), 35-37.
156. Argekar A. P. and Pawar S. G.; ‘Simultaneous determination of diloxanide furoate and tinidazole in tablet by HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 171246h.
157. Balaprabhakar and Deshpande S.G.; ‘Simultaneous estimation ethniyl estradiol and levonorgestral from transdermal patch by HPLC’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1999, 61(1), 12-15.
158. Vidya V. V.; Khanolkar M. and Gadre J. N.; ‘Isocratic, simultaneous HPLC determination of frusimide and spironolactone in pharmaceutical dosage form by ion- pair chromatography; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(7), 373-377.
159. Suzen Sinan and Akay Cemal; ‘Simultaneous determination of guaifenesin and codeine phosphate in tablet by HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 40654s.
160. Li-Yongguig, Tian, Zixin, Zhao Wen; Zhu, Jihong; ‘ Determination of guaifenesine, pseudoephedrine HCl and dextromethorphen hydrobromide in related oral solution by HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 298926k.
161. Argekar A. P. and Sawant J. G.; ‘ A gradient reversed phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of hydrochlorthaizide and losartan potassium from tablet’; Anal. Lett., 2000,33(5),869-880.
162. Jiang Zibin and Yuan Jimin; ‘Determination of ibuprofen and dextromethorphen HCl in capsule by RP-HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 284360j.
163. Wagh P. J.; and Pai N.; Devlopment and validation of HPLC method for simultaneous determination of lavnivudine and zidovudine from pharmaceutical preparation’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(12), 654-657.
164. Zhang Qing; ‘ HPLC determination of metranidazole, clotimazole and chlorhexidne acetate in their compound effervescent tablet’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2002,136/ 58936c.
165. Vidya V. V.; Khanolkar M. and Gadre J. N.; ‘Simultaneous assay of nimuselide and camplofine in pharmaceutical preparation using HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(4), 170-173.
166. Zarapkar S. S. and Kanyawar N. S.; ‘Simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and metranidazole in tablet by HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(5), 293-295.
167. Halkar U. P.; Ankalkope P. B. and Rane S. H ‘HPLC determination of paracetamol, caffeine and prophyphenazone in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(5), 293-296.
168. Suresh B.; Senthilkumar M; Jayaseelan S.; Gopinanth R.; Vasudavan M; and Nagarjan J. S. K.; ‘A HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, chlorphenaramine maleate, phenylepherine and caffeine in formulation’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-28.
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171. Wang, Junqiu; Yu, Li and Dai, Hog; ‘HPLC determination of sodium cromoglycate and salbutamol sulfate in aerosol’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 171237f.
172. Suresh B.; Rajesh R.; Gopinanth R.; Vasudavan M; and Nagarjan J. S. K.; ‘A HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of terbutaline sulfate and guaiphenesin’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-48.
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174. Shenoy K. P. R.; Krishnamurthy K. S. and Iyengar V. ; ‘HPLC method for simultaneous determination of terbutaline, guaiphenesin and ambroxol in formulations’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(8), 428-432.
175. Zhang Y.; ‘ Determination of theophylline and Phenobarbital in long-acting aminophylline tablet by HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 298930g.
176. Chen Ye; Zheng;and Jiayeng; ‘Simultaneous determination of content of thiophylline and guaifenesin by HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 40615e.
177. Mahadik K. R.; Aggrawal H. and Kaul N.; ‘ Devlopment and velidation of HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of trihexyphenidyl HCl and chlorpromazine HCl for tablet dosage form’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(8), 441-445.
178. El-Bayomi and Abd El-Aziz; ‘ HPLC using diode array determination spectrodesiometric method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin A, E, and D3 in multivitamin preparation’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 242013t.
179. Gowri N.; Vidhyalingam V. and Santha A.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of amlodipine and benazepril from tablet by RP- HPLC; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(10), 332-335.
180. Zarapkar S. S. and Kanyawar N. S.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of amlodipine and losarton potassium in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP- HPLC; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(6), 341-343.
181. Yang Zemini and Chen Ji-heng;‘ Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and clavulanate by RP-HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 40638q.
182. Du Z.; Chen J. J. and Young Z. M.; ‘Simultaneous RP-HPLC determination of two component in amoxycillin and clavulanate potessium’ Through Int. Pharm. Abstract, 2000, 37(16), 3709471.
183. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Rane S. H. ; ‘RP- HPLC determination of amoxycillin, probencid and tinidazole in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(3), 181-184.
184. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Rane S. H.; ‘RP- HPLC determination of ampicilline and probencid in capsule’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(4), 200-203.
185. Shinde V. M. and Shabadi C. V.; ‘Simultaneous determination of cefazoline and cefotoxime from injection by RP-HPLC’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1998, 60(5), 313-314.
186. Pi, Li; ‘ Determination of cefelexine and trimethoprim in compound cefelexine capsule by RP-HPLC’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 284319c.
187. Nalini C. N.; Kavitha K. and Kumaravel S.;‘Simultaneous determination of ceprofloxacine and arnidazole by RP-HPLC’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-45.
188. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Rane S. H.; ‘RP-HPLC determination of cetrizine and pseudo ephedrine HCl in tablet ’; Indian Drugs, 1998, 35(10), 658-661.
189. Raman B. Kanumular G. V. and Bhoir I. C.; ‘Concurrent analysis of multi- component dosage formulation containing chlophenaramine meleate, phenylepherine HCl and caffeine and acetaminophen by RP-HPLC with wavelength programming ’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(4), 203-207.
190. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Bhandari N. P.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of cinnarizine and domperidone in tablet by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(6), 295-298.
191. Argerkar A.P. and Pawar S. G.; ‘Simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and tinadazole in pharmaceutical preparation by RP-HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(5), 399-402.
192. Zarapkar S. S.; Rane A. V. and Rane S. H.; ‘HPLC determination of ciprofloxacin HCl and tinadazole in pharmaceutical preparation ’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(5), 408-410.
193. Shenoy K. P. R.; Krishnamurthy and Vinod M. V.; ‘Simultaneous determination of codine phosphate and chlorphenaramine maleate in formulation by RP- HPLC; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(8), 513-516.
194. Shenoy K. P. R. and Krishnamurthy K. S.; ‘Determination of codine phosphate, doxylamine succinate, paracetamol and caffeine in combined dosage formulation by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(10), 486-488.
195. Raman B. and Patil D.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of dextropropoxyphen HCl, diclofenic sodium and paracetamol in capsule by RP-HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(1), 36-39.
196. Raman B. and Patil D.; ‘RP- HPLC for Simultaneous estimation of domamethasone, p-chlrophenol and thymol in dental solution’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(9), 487-490.
197. Zarapkar S. S.and Kanyawar N. S.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of domperidon and omeprazole in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP- HPLC; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(4) 217-221.
198. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Rane S. H. ‘RP- HPLC determination of Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine HCl in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(7), 449-452.
199. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Bhandari N. P.; ‘Simultaneous determination of fexofenadine HCl and pseudoephedrine sulphate in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(9), 421-425.
200. Xia, Xiaoping and Zhou, Yuehang; ‘ Determination of flucanozole, metranidazole and choramphinicol in compound flucanazole cream by RP-HPLC’; Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 185523h.
201. Shinde V. M and Khanolkar D. H.; ‘RP- HPLC method for estimation of gilendsmine and metformineHCl from combined dosage form’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(12), 739-742.
202. Gandhimathi M.; Anandkumar K.; Cheriyan A. and Rai T. K.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of gliclazide and metformine HCl in tablet using RP-HPLC’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2003, 65(4), 530-531.
203. Duby A. and Shukla I. C.; ‘ Microgram determination of glipiozide and metformine HCl in pharmceutical preparation by HPLC method’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(8), 446-449.
204. Zarapkar S. S. Kulkarni S. K and Kanyawar N. S.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of glipizide and metformine in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP- HPLC; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(10), 535-538.
205. Shah R. and Sahajia B. N.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of lasartan potassium and hydrochlothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ G-5.
206. ‘Simultaneous estimation of lomefloxacine HCl, prothionamide and pyrizinamide in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC’; The Pharma Review, 2003, 1(3), 87-89.
207. Gaikwad N. J. and Wanjari D. B.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of metformine HCl and pigglitazone in combined dosage form by RP-HPLC’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-16.
208. Raman B.; Kulkarni S. K. and Kayawar N. S.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of methocarbamol and nimuselide in pharmaceutical dosage forms form by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(10), 536-540.
209. Vasudevan M.; Ravishankar S.; Ravibabu T. and Nanjan M.J.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of methocarbamol, ibuprofen and paracetamol by RP-HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(8), 386-389.
210. Shinde V. M and Raman B.; ‘Simultaneous determination of nicotinic acid and meclozine HCl in tablet by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 1998, 35(12), 748-753.
211. Nagoji K. E. V.; Kirankumar M.; Vijayasrinivas S.; Satishkumar M. and Rao M.E. B.; ‘Simultaneous RP-HPLC estimation of nimesulide and diclofenic sodium’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2003, 65(4), 407-409.
212. Kale U. N.; Naidu K. R. and Shingare M. S.; ‘RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of nimesulide and Tizanidine HCl in tablet’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2003, 65(3), 315-318.
213. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Bhandari N. P.; ‘Simultaneous determination of nimuselide and chlorzoxazone in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(10), 469-473.
214. Kale U. N.; Naidu K. R. and Shingare M. S.; ‘Simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and ornidazole in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2003, 40(7), 397-400.
215. Halkar U. P. and Ankalkope P. B. ; ‘RP- HPLC determination of ofloxacin and tinidazole in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(12), 585-588.
216. Singh R. A.; Kumar D.; Kumar R. and Sourabh A.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of ornidaole and ofloxacine in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-50.
217. Nagoji E. V. and Srinivas S. V.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and nimesulide in tablet by RP- HPLC’; Asian J. of Chemistry, 2002, 14(2), 1004-1008.
218. Zarapkar S. S.; Halkar U. P. and Bhandari N. P.; ‘RP- HPLC determination of paracetamol, ibuprophen and methocarbamol in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(11), 710-713.
219. Raman B. and Patil D.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of paracetomol and nemuselide in tablet by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(10), 437-440.
220. Raman B. Kanumular G. V. and Bhoir I. C.; ‘Concurrent analysis of multi- component dosage formulation containing phenylpropanolamine HCl, cetrizine diHCl and acetaminophen by RP-HPLC with wavelength programming ’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(6), 294-298.
221. Shah D. A.; Shenkar M. B.; Modi V. D.; Patel B. J. and Geetha M.; ‘Estimation of Picglitazone and metformine by derivative spectrophotometery and RP-HPLC in tablet’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ G-17.
222. Raman B. and Kanumula G. V.; ‘Simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine HCl and loratidine HCl in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(12), 574-576.
223. Bhatia M. S.; Kaskhedikar S. G. and Chaturvedi S.C.; ‘ Chromatographic estimation of pseudoephedrine HCl, dextromethorphen hydrobromide and triprolidone HCl from multi component tablet’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2000, 62(2), 61-62.
224. Raman B. and Shinde V. M.; ‘Simultaneous determination of pyrantel pomoate and mebendazole in tablet by RP- HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(3), 167-172.
225. Dhora U. J. and Shetkar N. B.; ‘RP- HPLC determination of ramipril and amlodipine in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 1999, 36(10), 638-641.
226. Zarapkar S. S. and Rane S. H.; ‘RP- HPLC determination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(12), 589-593.
227. Raman B. and Kanumular G. V.; ‘Simultaneous determination of ranitidine HCl and domperidom in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2000, 37(8), 375-378.
228. Raman B. and Patil D.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of sertraline and alprozalam in capsule by RP-HPLC’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(12), 638-641.
229. Suresh B.; Ravisankar S.; Vasudevan M.; Nanjan M. J. and Nooruddeen N.; ‘RP-HPLC method for the estimation of tinidazole and furozolidine in formulation’; Indian Drugs, 1998, 35(10), 667-668.
230. Raman B. and Patil D.; ‘RP- HPLC for Simultaneous estimation of tizanidine and nimesulide in tablet’; Indian Drugs, 2002, 39(7), 392-394.
231. Hassib S. T.; El-Bagary and Ramzia I.; ‘Simultaneous determination of triamterene and xipamide in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC and densitometric method’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2002,136/ 13993f.
232.Prashant M. and Subramenion G.; ‘Estimation of trianidine, diclofenic and paracetamol in multi component dosage form by RP-HPLC method’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-24.
233. Gandhimathi M.; Ravi t. k.; Varghese A. and Ninan A.; ‘RP-HPLC determination of simvastatin and Nicotinic acid in tablets ’; Indian Drugs, Indian Drugs, 2003, 40(12), 707-711.
234. Shabadi C. V.; Shelar B. A. and Shelar A. R.; ‘Simultaneous determination of cephalexin acid cefadoxil in pharmaceutical preparation by quantitative thin layer chromatography’; Indian Drugs, 1998, 35(12), 766-770.
235. Argekar A. P. and Pawar S. G.; ‘Simultaneous HPTLC determination of cinnarzine and domperidon maleate in formulation’; Through Chemical Abstract, 2000,132/ 40649u.
236. Kadam S. S.; Zahid Zaheer; Mhaske D.; Bairial J. and Daneshwar S. R.; ‘Method development and validation of gliclazide and metformine HCl from tablet using HPTLC’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ G-28.
237. Gayatri S.; Vidhyalingam V. and Santha A.; ‘Simultaneous HPTLC determination of glidazide and rosiglitazone in tablet’; Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2003, 65(6), 663-665.
238. Devarajan P. V.; Adani M. H. and Gandhi A. S.; ‘Simultaneous determination of lignocaine and phenylephrine HCl by HPTLC’; J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2000,22 (4), 685-690.
239. Singh R. A.; Singh A.; Kumar R. and Sourabh A.; ‘Simultaneous estimation of L-lysine HCl and DL- methionone in multi vitamin oral dosage form by HPTLC’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-49.
240. Chatki P.K.; Manwar J. V. and Tajne M. R.;‘Simultaneous estimation of methocarbamol and nimesulide in tablet by HPTLC’; Through 55th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress Scientific Abstract, 2003/ GP-39.
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242. Sane R. T.; Fransis May; Khedkar S.; Pawar S. and Moghe A.; ‘Simultaneous HPTLC determination of pseudoephedrine sulphate and laratadine from combined dosage form’; Indian Drugs, 2001, 38(8), 436-438.
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244. Gawri N.; Vaidhyalingam V. and Santha A.; ‘HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate and benazepril HCl tablets’; Indian Drugs, 2003, 40(11), 645-648.
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247. Degin T.; Akay C. and Burykafsar K.; ‘Simultaneous determination of codeine and ethyl morphine HCl in tablet formulation using liquid chromatography’; J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2001,26 (1), 15-21.
248. Trivedi P. and Gangwal S.; ‘Liquied chromatographic estimation of diclofenic sodium and chlorzoxazone from tablet’; East. Pharm., 2000, 43(505), 139-140.
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Table 1: Combination formulations used for therapies
|
S. No. |
Combinations |
Use |
|
1 |
Ciprofloxacin and phenyl ephedrine HCl |
Eye |
|
2 |
Atropine and chloremphenicol |
Eye |
|
3 |
Diclofenac and gentamycin |
Eye |
|
4 |
Tropicamide and phenylephine HCl |
Eye |
|
5 |
Phenylephine HCl, Naphazoline HCl, Menthol and Camphor |
Eye |
|
6 |
Chloramphinicol, clotrimazole, beclamethasone and lignocain |
Eye |
|
7 |
Gentamycin, clotrimazole, beclamethasone and lignocain |
Eye |
|
8 |
Phenylephrine HCl and Naphazoline HCl and Menthol and Chlorbutol |
Nasal Prep. |
|
9 |
Clonidine and Hydrochlorthaizide |
CVS |
|
10 |
Clonidine and Chlorthalidone |
CVS |
|
11 |
Reserpine and Dihyrallzine |
CVS |
|
12 |
Reserpine and Dihyrallzineand Hydrochlorthaizide |
CVS |
|
13 |
Atenolol and Chlorthalidone |
CVS |
|
14 |
Atenolol and Alprazolam |
CVS |
|
16 |
Isosorbide mononitrate and Aspirin |
CVS |
|
17 |
Tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid |
Coagulant |
|
18 |
Ticlopidine HCl and Aspirin |
Anticoagulant |
|
19 |
Clopidogrel and Aspirin |
Anticoagulant |
|
20 |
Triprolidine HCl, Psudeoephedrine HCl andDextromethorphen |
Respiratory System |
|
21 |
Terfinidine andDextromethorphen |
Respiratory System |
|
22 |
Bromohexine HCl and guaiphenesin and Salbutamol and Menthol |
Respiratory System |
|
23 |
Ambroxol and guaiphenesin and Salbutamol and Menthol |
Respiratory System |
|
24 |
Lorotadine and Psudeoephdrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
|
25 |
Ambroxol and Psudeoephdrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
|
26 |
Terfinidine, Psudeoephdrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
|
28 |
Neomycin, Bacitracin and Sufacetamide |
Topical intiinfective |
|
29 |
Tolnaftate, Chlorhexidine and Salicylic acid |
Topical Antifungal |
|
30 |
Quiniodochlor and Hydrocortison |
Topical Antifungal |
|
31 |
Beclomethasone, Neomycine and Clotrimazole |
Topical Antifungal |
|
32 |
Beclomethasone, gentamycine and Clotrimazole |
Topical Antifungal |
|
33 |
Beclomethasone, Neomycine and Econozole |
Topical Antifungal |
|
34 |
Phenylbutazone, Propylphenazone and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
35 |
Indomethacin and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
36 |
Diclofenic sodium, Serratiopeptidase and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
37 |
Diclofenic sodium, Dextropropoxyphen HCl and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
38 |
Diclofenic sodium, Megnesium trisilicate and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
39 |
Meloxicam and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
40 |
Nimusilide and Serratiopeptidase |
NSAID |
|
41 |
Nimusilide, Dextropropoxyphen HCl and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
42 |
Ibuprofen and Dextropropoxyphen HCl |
NSAID |
|
43 |
Propyphenazone, Paracetamol and Caffine |
NSAID |
|
44 |
Glucosamine and Methylsulfonylmethane |
NSAID |
|
45 |
Glucosamine and Vit. C |
NSAID |
|
46 |
Glucosamine, Vit. C and calcium carbonate |
NSAID |
|
47 |
Glucosamine and Chondroitin |
NSAID |
|
48 |
IbuprofenandMephenesin, Methyl salicylate and Methnol |
NSAID |
|
49 |
Diclofenic sodium, Methocarbamol and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
50 |
Methocarbamol and Ibuprofen |
NSAID |
|
52 |
Carisoprodol, Paracetamol and Caffeine |
NSAID |
|
53 |
Carisoprodol and Ibuprofen |
NSAID |
|
55 |
Ibuprofen, Chloroxazone and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
56 |
Tizanidine and Nimusilide |
NSAID |
|
57 |
Tizanidine and Diclofenic sodium |
NSAID |
|
58 |
Tizanidine, Diclofenic sodium and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
59 |
Tizanidine, Nimusilide and Paracetamol |
NSAID |
|
60 |
Tizanidine and Mefanamic acid |
NSAID |
|
61 |
Tizanidine and Refecoxib |
NSAID |
|
62 |
Ampicillin and Sulbactum |
Antiinfective |
|
64 |
Amoxycillin and Bromhexine / Ambroxal |
Antiinfective |
|
68 |
Cephalexin and Bromhexine / Ambroxal |
Antiinfective |
|
69 |
Cephalexin and Carbocisteine |
Antiinfective |
|
71 |
Cephadroxil and Probencid |
Antiinfective |
|
74 |
Cephuroxime and Serratiopeptidase |
Antiinfective |
|
75 |
Cefixime trihydrate and Lactic acid bacillus |
Antiinfective |
|
76 |
Cefoperazone sodium and Sulbactum sodium |
Antiinfective |
|
77 |
Erythromycine and Bromohexine |
Antiinfective |
|
78 |
Roxithromycine and Bromohexine/ Ambroxol |
Antiinfective |
|
79 |
Roxithromycine and Serratiopeptidase |
Antiinfective |
|
80 |
Oxytetracycline and Lidocain |
Antiinfective |
|
81 |
INH and Vit B6 |
Anti T B |
|
82 |
INH and Thaiacetazone |
Anti T B |
|
83 |
INH and Rifampicin |
Anti T B |
|
84 |
INH, Rifampicin and Vit B6 |
Anti T B |
|
85 |
INH , Rifampicin and Pyridoxine |
Anti T B |
|
86 |
INH and Ethembutol |
Anti T B |
|
87 |
INHandEthembutol and Rifampicin |
Anti T B |
|
88 |
INHandRifampicin and Vit B6and Pyrazinamide |
Anti T B |
|
89 |
Tinidazole and doxicycline |
Antiprotozoal |
|
90 |
Metrinidazole and Diloxamide |
Antiprotozoal |
|
91 |
Tinidazole and doxicyclineand Tetracycline |
Antiprotozoal |
|
92 |
Ornidazole and Ciprofloxacin |
Antiprotozoal |
|
93 |
Diethylcarbamazine and Chlorphenaramine maleate |
Antiprotozoal |
|
94 |
Sulphamethzole and Pyrimethamine |
Antimalarial |
|
95 |
Chloroquine and Primaquine |
Antimalarial |
|
96 |
Stavudine and Lamivudine |
Antimalarial |
|
97 |
Zidovudine and Lamivudine |
Antimalarial |
|
98 |
Zidovudine and Lamivudineand Navirpine |
Antimalarial |
|
99 |
Stavadine and Lamivudineand Navirpine |
Antimalarial |
|
100 |
Ethinyloestradiol and Methyltestosterone |
Endocrine System |
|
101 |
Ethinyloestradiol and Desogestrol |
Endocrine System |
|
102 |
Gliclazide and Chromium |
Antidibetics |
|
103 |
Chlorpropamide and Phenformine |
Antidibetics |
|
104 |
Metformineand Glibenclamide |
Antidibetics |
|
105 |
MetformineandGlipizideand Polynicotinate |
Antidibetics |
|
106 |
MetformineandGlimepride |
Antidibetics |
|
107 |
MetformineandRosiglitozone |
Antidibetics |
|
108 |
MetformineandPioglitozone |
Antidibetics |
|
109 |
Glimepride and Rosiglitazone |
Antidibetics |
|
110 |
GlimeprideandPioglitozone |
Antidibetics |
|
111 |
Simvastin and Nicotinic acid |
Hypolipid |
|
112 |
Atrovastine and Aspirin |
Hypolipid |
|
113 |
Eicosapentacnoic acid and Decosahexaenoic acid |
Hypolipid |
|
114 |
Eicosapentacnoic acid and Decosahexaenoic acidand A-tocopreryl acetated |
Hypolipid |
|
115 |
Ibuprofen and colchicine |
Drugs used in gout |
|
116 |
Chlorphenaramine maleateand Trithioparamethoxy phenyl propene |
Allergy & Immunology |
|
117 |
Lidocain and Prilocain |
Anaesthetics |
Table- 2
List of multi-component formulation estimated by UV-visible spectrophotometer with respective reported references.
|
Sr. NO. |
Combination of drugs |
Therapeutic Use |
Ref. No. |
|
1 |
Acetyl salicylic acid, caffeine and codeine phosphate |
NSAID |
7 |
|
2 |
Acrivastine and pseudo ephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
8 |
|
3 |
Ambroxol HCl and cetrizine |
Respiratory System |
9 |
|
4 |
Amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol |
CVS |
10 |
|
5 |
Amlodipine besylate and enalapril maleate |
CVS |
11 |
|
6 |
Amlodipine besylate and lisinopril |
CVS |
12 |
|
7 |
Amlodipine besytale and lisinopril |
CVS |
13 |
|
8 |
Amoxycillin and probencid |
Antiinfective |
14 |
|
9 |
Amoxycillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin |
Antiinfective |
15 |
|
10 |
Ampicillin and cloxacillin |
Antiinfective |
16 |
|
11 |
Aspirin compound tablet |
NSAID |
17 |
|
12 |
Aspirin, acetaminophen and ascorbic acid |
NSAID |
18 |
|
13 |
Atenolol and nefedipine |
CVS |
19 |
|
14 |
Benazepril and amlodipine besylate |
CVS |
20 |
|
15 |
Benazepril and hydrochlorthiazide |
CVS |
21 |
|
16 |
Benhexol HCl and trifluperazine HCl |
Respiratory System |
22 |
|
17 |
Bromohexine HCl and pseudo ephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
23 |
|
18 |
Bromohexin HCl, diphenhydronon HCl and guaiphenesin |
Respiratory System |
24 |
|
19 |
Bromohexine HCl and pseudo ephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
25 |
|
20 |
Bromohexine HCl, dextromethorphen hydrobromide and chlorphenaramine malate |
Respiratory System |
26 |
|
21 |
Captopril and hydrochlorthiazid |
CVS |
27 |
|
22 |
Captopril and hydrochlorthiazide |
CVS |
28 |
|
23 |
Cefadoxil and ambroxal |
Antiinfective |
29 |
|
24 |
Cefelexin and probencid |
Antiinfective |
30 |
|
25 |
Cefuroxime axetil and probencid |
Antiinfective |
31 |
|
26 |
Cehpalexine and probencid |
Antiinfective |
32 |
|
27 |
Cetrizine and pseudoephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
33 |
|
28 |
Chloramphinicol and dexamethasone sodium phosphate |
Antiinfective |
34 |
|
29 |
Chloraxazone and paracetamol |
NSAID |
35 |
|
30 |
Cloraxazone, diclofenic sodium and paracetamol |
NSAID |
36 |
|
31 |
Chlordiazepoxide and clindinium bromide |
Antipsycotic |
37 |
|
32 |
Chloroxazone and paracetamol |
NSAID |
38 |
|
33 |
Chlorthalidone and spironolactone |
CVS |
39 |
|
34 |
Chlorzoxasone and nimesulide |
NSAID |
40 |
|
35 |
Chlorzoxazone and nimusalide |
NSAID |
41 |
|
36 |
Chlorzoxazone and nimuselide |
NSAID |
42 |
|
37 |
Cinnarizine and domperidone |
GIT |
43 |
|
38 |
Dextromethorphen hydrobromide and Bromohexine HCl |
Respiratory System |
44 |
|
39 |
Diazepam and pyridoxine |
Antipsycotic |
45 |
|
40 |
Diclofenic sodium, paracetamol and chlormerzonone |
NSAID |
46 |
|
41 |
Diloxamide furoate and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
47 |
|
42 |
Dilxamide furoate and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
48 |
|
43 |
Dipyryone and caffeine |
49 |
|
|
44 |
Doclofenic sodium and paracetamol |
NSAID |
50 |
|
45 |
Domperidon and omeprazole |
GIT |
51 |
|
46 |
Dopamine and ephedrine |
Antipsycotic |
52 |
|
47 |
Ethniyl estradiol and levonorgestral |
Endocrine System |
53 |
|
48 |
Folic acid, thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxal |
Multivitamine |
54 |
|
49 |
Gliclazide and metformin HCl |
Antidibetics |
55 |
|
50 |
Glipizide and metformine |
Antidibetics |
56 |
|
51 |
Hydrochlorothiazide and lasarton potassium |
CVS |
57 |
|
52 |
Hydrochlorothiazide and metoprolol |
CVS |
58 |
|
53 |
Hydrochlorthiazide and amiloride HCl or with spironolactone |
CVS |
59 |
|
54 |
Ibuprofen and chlorzoxane |
NSAID |
60 |
|
55 |
Ibuprofen and methocarbamol |
NSAID |
61 |
|
56 |
Imipramine HCl and Diazepam |
Antidepressant |
62 |
|
57 |
Letofylline and theophylline |
Respiratory System |
63 |
|
58 |
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide |
CVS |
64 |
|
59 |
Losarton potassium and amlodipine |
CVS |
65 |
|
60 |
Losarton potassium and hydrochlorthiazide |
CVS |
66 |
|
61 |
Mebendazole and pyrantel pomate |
Antiinfective |
67 |
|
62 |
Meclozine HCl and nicotinic acid |
Antidebetics |
68 |
|
63 |
Medazepam and hyoscine butylbromide |
69 |
|
|
64 |
Mefenamic acid and paracetamol |
NSAID |
70 |
|
65 |
Melatonin-pyridoxine |
Endocrine System |
71 |
|
66 |
Metoprolol and hydrothiazide |
Antidibetics |
72 |
|
67 |
Metranidazole and nalidix acid |
Antiinfective |
73 |
|
68 |
Metronidazole and norfloxacin |
Antiinfective |
74 |
|
69 |
Nalidixic acid and metronidazole |
Antiinfective |
75 |
|
70 |
Nalidixic acid and metronidazole |
Antiinfective |
76 |
|
71 |
Nimesulide and chlorzaxasone |
NSAID |
77 |
|
72 |
Nimesulide and chlorzaxasone |
NSAID |
78 |
|
73 |
Nimesulide and diclofenic sodium |
NSAID |
79 |
|
74 |
Nimesulide and tizanidine HCl |
NSAID |
80 |
|
75 |
Norfloxacin and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
81 |
|
76 |
Norfloxacin and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
82 |
|
77 |
Norfloxacin and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
83 |
|
78 |
Noscopine, chlorphenaramine maleate and ephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
84 |
|
79 |
Oflaxacine and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
85 |
|
80 |
Pantoprozole and domperidone |
GIT |
86 |
|
81 |
Paracetamol and chlorzaxasone |
NSAID |
87 |
|
82 |
Paracetamol and mefenamic acid |
NSAID |
88 |
|
83 |
Paracetamol and nemuselide |
NSAID |
89 |
|
84 |
Pefloxacine and metrinidazole |
Antiinfective |
90 |
|
85 |
Phynyl propanalamine, chlorphenaramine and Bromohexine HCl |
Respiratory System |
91 |
|
86 |
Phynyl propanalamine, chlorphenaramine malate and dextromethorphen hydrobromide |
Respiratory System |
92 |
|
87 |
Propranolol HCl and hydrochlorthiazide |
CVS |
93 |
|
88 |
Propranolol HCl-diazepam |
CVS |
94 |
|
89 |
Pseudo ephedrine HCl and ibuprofen |
NSAID |
95 |
|
90 |
Pseudo ephedrine HCl, and dextromethorphen hydrobromide |
Respiratory System |
96 |
|
91 |
Pseudo ephedrine HCl, dextromethorphen hydrobromide and chlorphenaramine malate |
Respiratory System |
97 |
|
92 |
Pseudo ephedrine sulphate, dexbrompheniramine melete and loratadine |
Respiratory System |
98 |
|
93 |
Pseudo mefanamic acid and paracetamol |
NSAID |
99 |
|
94 |
Pyridoxal , pyridoxamine and pyridoxic acid |
Multivitamine |
100 |
|
95 |
Pyridoxine HCl and metformin HCl |
Antidebetics |
101 |
|
96 |
Rifampicin, pyrizinamide and isoniazide |
Antiinfective |
102 |
|
97 |
Rifampicin, pyrizinamide and isoniazide |
Antiinfective |
103 |
|
98 |
Rifampicin, pyrizinamide and isoniazide |
Antiinfective |
104 |
|
99 |
Rifampicin and isoniazide |
Antiinfective |
105 |
|
100 |
Rifampicin and isoniazide |
Antiinfective |
106 |
|
101 |
Rifampicin and isoniazide |
Antiinfective |
107 |
|
102 |
Rifampicin and isoniazide |
Antiinfective |
108 |
|
103 |
Salbutamol and Bromohexine HCl |
Respiratory System |
109 |
|
104 |
Salbutamol and etofyllin |
Respiratory System |
110 |
|
105 |
Salbutamol and thiophyline |
Respiratory System |
111 |
|
106 |
Secnidazole and lansoprozole |
Antiinfective |
112 |
|
107 |
Secobarbital sodium and amobarbital sodium |
Antipsycotic |
113 |
|
108 |
Spiranolatone and frusemide |
Diuretics |
114 |
|
109 |
Spironalactne with hydrochlorthaizide and spironalactne with frusemide |
Diuretics |
115 |
|
110 |
Sulfamethoxazole |
Antiinfective |
116 |
|
111 |
Sulfaquinozaline, sulfamethzine and pyrimethamine |
Antiinfective |
117 |
|
112 |
Terbutaline sulfate and guaiphenesin |
Respiratory System |
118 |
|
113 |
Terbutaline sulfate, bromohexine HCL and guaiphenesin |
Respiratory System |
119 |
|
114 |
Tinidazole and clotrimazole |
Antiinfective |
120 |
|
115 |
Tinidazole and norfloxacin |
Antiinfective |
121 |
|
116 |
Tinidazole and ofloxacine |
Antiinfective |
122 |
|
117 |
Tinidazole, doloxanide furoate and furazolidone |
Antiinfective |
123 |
|
118 |
Tinidazole, furazolidine and diloxamide furate |
Antiinfective |
124 |
|
119 |
Triamterene and hydrochlorthiazide |
CVS |
125 |
|
120 |
Trianidine and ibuprofen |
NSAID |
126 |
|
121 |
Trimethoprim and norfloxacin |
Antiinfective |
127 |
|
122 |
Tripolidine HCl and pseudoephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
128 |
|
123 |
Triprolidine HCl and phenyl propalamine HCl |
Respiratory System |
129 |
|
124 |
Triprolidine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
130 |
|
125 |
Pseudoephedrine HCl and cetrizine |
Respiratory System |
131 |
|
126 |
Nimusalide and paracetamol |
NSAID |
132 |
|
127 |
Pseudoephedrine HCl and cetrizine |
Respiratory System |
133 |
|
128 |
Nimusalide and diclofenic sodium |
NSAID |
134 |
|
129 |
Gliclazide and rasiglitazone |
Antidebetics |
135 |
|
130 |
Ornidaole and norfloxacine |
Antiinfective |
136 |
|
131 |
Metformine HCl and glinepride |
Antidebetics |
137 |
|
132 |
Amoxicillin trihyderate and metrinidazole |
Antiinfective |
138 |
Table-3
List of multi-component formulation estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with respective reported references.
|
Sr. NO. |
Combination of drugs |
Therapeutic Use |
Ref. No. |
|
1 |
Acetaminophen, dextrapropoxyphen and oxyphenbutaszone |
Respiratory System |
139 |
|
2 |
Amilodipin and atenolol |
CVS |
140 |
|
3 |
Amitriptyline HCl and chlordiozepoxide |
Antidepressant |
141 |
|
4 |
Amlodipine and benazepril |
CVS |
142 |
|
5 |
Amoxycillin and clavulanic acid |
Antiinfective |
143 |
|
6 |
Anti-histaminic multi component |
Respiratory System |
144 |
|
7 |
Aspirin-caffeine- butalbital and acetaminophen -caffeine- butalbital |
NSAID |
145 |
|
8 |
Bromohexine HCl and Cephalexine |
Respiratory System |
146 |
|
9 |
Bromohexine HCl and methyl and propyl hydroxybenzote and determianation dextromethorphen hydrobromide |
Respiratory System |
147 |
|
10 |
Bromohexine HCl, phnyl praopalamine HCL and Chlorphenaramine meleate |
Respiratory System |
148 |
|
11 |
Caffeine and paracetamol |
NSAID |
149 |
|
12 |
Ceprofloxacin and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
150 |
|
13 |
Ciprofloxacin HCl and tinadazole |
Antiinfective |
151 |
|
14 |
Ciprofloxacin HCl and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
152 |
|
15 |
Codeine phosphate, ephedrine HCl and chlorphenaramine maleate |
Respiratory System |
153 |
|
16 |
Dextromethorphen and pseudo ephedrine |
Respiratory System |
154 |
|
17 |
Diclofenic sodium, paracetamol and chlormerzonone |
NSAID |
155 |
|
18 |
Diloxanide furoate and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
156 |
|
19 |
Ethniyl estradiol and levonorgestral |
Endocrine System |
157 |
|
20 |
Frusimide and spironolactone |
CVS |
158 |
|
21 |
Guaifenesin and codeine phosphate |
Respiratory System |
159 |
|
22 |
Guaifenesine, pseudoephedrine HCl and dextromethorphen hydrobromide |
Respiratory System |
160 |
|
23 |
Hydrochlorthaizide and losartan potassium |
CVS |
161 |
|
24 |
Ibuprofen and dextromethorphen HCl |
NSAID |
162 |
|
25 |
Lavnivudine and zidovudine |
Antiinfective |
163 |
|
26 |
Metranidazole, clotimazole and chlorhexidne acetate |
Antiinfective |
164 |
|
27 |
Nimuselide and camplofine |
NSAID |
165 |
|
28 |
Norfloxacin and metranidazole |
Antiinfective |
166 |
|
29 |
Paracetamol, caffeine and prophyphenazone |
NSAID |
167 |
|
30 |
Paracetamol, chlorphenaramine maleate, phenylepherine and caffeine |
NSAID |
168 |
|
31 |
Propylphenazone and ketoprophen |
169 |
|
|
32 |
Pyridoxine HCl, nephazoline nitrate, chlorpheniramine meleate and panthenol |
Respiratory System |
170 |
|
33 |
Sodium cromoglycate and salbutamol sulfate |
Respiratory System |
171 |
|
34 |
Terbutaline sulfate and guaiphenesin |
Respiratory System |
172 |
|
35 |
Terbutaline, bromohexine and guaiphenesine |
Respiratory System |
173 |
|
36 |
Terbutaline, guaiphenesin and ambroxol |
Respiratory System |
174 |
|
37 |
Theophylline and Phenobarbital |
Antipsycotic |
175 |
|
38 |
Thiophylline and guaifenesin |
Respiratory System |
176 |
|
39 |
Trihexyphenidyl HCl and chlorpromazine HCl |
Respiratory System |
177 |
|
40 |
Vitamin A, E, and D3 |
Multivitamine |
178 |
Table-4
List of multi-component formulation estimated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with respective reported references.
|
Sr. NO. |
Combination of drugs |
Therapeutic Use |
Ref. No |
|
1 |
Amlodipine and benazepril |
CVS |
179 |
|
2 |
Amlodipine and losarton potassium |
CVS |
180 |
|
3 |
Amoxicillin and clavulanate |
Antiinfective |
181 |
|
4 |
Amoxycillin and clavulanate potessium |
Antiinfective |
182 |
|
5 |
Amoxycillin, probencid and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
183 |
|
6 |
Ampicilline and probencid |
Antiinfective |
184 |
|
7 |
Cefazoline and cefotoxime |
Antiinfective |
185 |
|
8 |
Cefelexine and trimethoprim |
Antiinfective |
186 |
|
9 |
Ceprofloxacine and arnidazole |
Antiinfective |
187 |
|
10 |
Cetrizine and pseudo ephedrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
188 |
|
11 |
Chlophenaramine meleate, phenylepherine HCl and caffeine and acetaminophen |
Respiratory System |
189 |
|
12 |
Cinnarizine and domperidone |
GIT |
190 |
|
13 |
Ciprofloxacin and tinadazole |
Antiinfective |
191 |
|
14 |
Codine phosphate and chlorphenaramine maleate |
Respiratory System |
192 |
|
15 |
Codine phosphate, doxylamine succinate, paracetamol and caffeine |
Respiratory System |
193 |
|
16 |
Dextropropoxyphen HCl, diclofenic sodium and paracetamol |
Respiratory System |
194 |
|
17 |
Domamethasone, p-chlrophenol and thymol |
Respiratory System |
195 |
|
18 |
Domperidon and omeprazole |
GIT |
196 |
|
19 |
Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine HCl |
GIT |
197 |
|
20 |
Fexofenadine HCl and pseudoephedrine sulphate |
Respiratory System |
198 |
|
21 |
Flucanozole, metranidazole and choramphinicol |
Antiinfective |
199 |
|
22 |
Gilendsmine and metformineHCl |
Antidibetics |
200 |
|
23 |
Gliclazide and metformine HCl |
Antidibetics |
201 |
|
24 |
Glipiozide and metformine HCl |
Antidibetics |
202 |
|
25 |
Glipizide and metformine |
Antidibetics |
203 |
|
26 |
Lasartan potassium and hydrochlothiazide |
CVS |
204 |
|
27 |
Lomefloxacine HCl, prothionamide and pyrizinamide |
205 |
|
|
28 |
Metformine HCl and pigglitazone |
Antidibetics |
206 |
|
29 |
Methocarbamol and nimuselide |
NSAID |
207 |
|
30 |
Methocarbamol, ibuprofen and paracetamol |
NSAID |
208 |
|
31 |
Nicotinic acid and meclozine HCl |
209 |
|
|
32 |
Nimesulide and diclofenic sodium |
NSAID |
210 |
|
33 |
Nimesulide and Tizanidine HCl |
NSAID |
211 |
|
34 |
Nimuselide and chlorzoxazone |
NSAID |
212 |
|
35 |
Norfloxacin and ornidazole |
Antiinfective |
213 |
|
36 |
Ofloxacin and tinidazole |
Antiinfective |
214 |
|
37 |
Ornidaole and ofloxacine |
Antiinfective |
215 |
|
38 |
Paracetamol and Chlormezonon |
NSAID |
216 |
|
39 |
Paracetamol and nimesulide |
NSAID |
217 |
|
40 |
Paracetamol, ibuprophen and methocarbamol |
NSAID |
218 |
|
41 |
Paracetomol and nemuselide |
NSAID |
219 |
|
42 |
Phenylpropanolamine HCl, cetrizine diHCl and acetaminophen |
Respiratory System |
220 |
|
43 |
Picglitazone and metformine |
Antidebetics |
221 |
|
44 |
Pseudoephedrine HCl and loratidine HCl |
Respiratory System |
222 |
|
45 |
Pseudoephedrine HCl, dextromethorphen hydrobromide and triprolidone HCl |
Respiratory System |
223 |
|
46 |
Pyrantel pomoate and mebendazole |
Antiinfective |
224 |
|
47 |
Ramipril and amlodipine |
CVS |
225 |
|
48 |
Ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide |
CVS |
226 |
|
49 |
Ranitidine HCl and domperidom |
GIT |
227 |
|
50 |
Sertraline and alprozalam |
Antipsycotic |
228 |
|
51 |
Tinidazole and furozolidine |
Antiinfective |
229 |
|
52 |
Tizanidine and nimesulide |
NSAID |
230 |
|
53 |
Triamterene and xipamide |
231 |
|
|
54 |
Trianidine, diclofenic and paracetamol |
NSAID |
232 |
|
55 |
Simvastine and nicotinic acid |
Multivitamine |
233 |
Table-5
List of multi-component formulation estimated by reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with respective reported references.
|
Sr. NO. |
Combination of drugs |
Therapeutic Use |
Ref. No. |
|
1 |
Cephalexin acid cefadoxil |
Antiinfective |
234 |
|
2 |
Cinnarzine and domperidon maleate |
GIT |
235 |
|
3 |
Gliclazide and metformine HCl |
Antidibetics |
236 |
|
4 |
Gidazide and rosiglitazone |
Antidibetics |
237 |
|
5 |
Lignocaine and phenylephrine HCl |
Respiratory System |
238 |
|
6 |
L-lysine HCl and DL- methionone |
Endocrine System |
239 |
|
7 |
Methocarbamol and nimesulide |
NSAID |
240 |
|
8 |
Paracetamol and mefanamic acid |
NSAID |
241 |
|
9 |
Pseudoephedrine sulphate and laratadine |
Respiratory System |
242 |
|
10 |
Rifluoperazine HCl, trihexylphenidyl HCl and chlorpromazine HCl |
Respiratory System |
243 |
|
11 |
Amlodipin and benazepril HCl |
CVS |
244 |
Table-6
List of multi-component formulation estimated by gas chromatography (GC) with respective reported references.
|
Sr. NO. |
Combination of drugs |
Therapeutic Use |
Ref. No. |
|
1 |
Acetaminophen, salicylamide, phenyltoloxamine |
NSAID |
245 |
|
2 |
Benazepril HCl and hydrochlorthaizide |
CVS |
246 |
|
3 |
Codeine and ethyl morphine HCl |
Respiratory System |
247 |
|
4 |
Diclofenic sodium and chlorzoxazone |
NSAID |
248 |
|
5 |
Fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and clomipramine |
Antipsycotic |
249 |
|
6 |
Guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine and dextromethorphan |
Respiratory System |
250 |
|
7 |
Oxybenzone and octylmethoxy cinnamate |
Antiinfective |
251 |
About Authors
S. J. Daharwal*, G. Garg, R. B. Saudagar, S. Saraf and Swarnlata Saraf
* Mr. S.J. Daharwal has nearly 15 years of research and teaching experience. He is a hard working researcher . Mr . Daharwal did his masters degree from Dept. of Pharmacy, of Nagpur University. He has over 12 publications to his credit published in international and national journals. His research interest extends from analytical methods, Drug synthesis and computer added drug designing. Presently, he is working as a Lecturer at Institute of Pharmacy Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (C.G.)
Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur. 492 010. (India) E-mail:daharwalresearch@rediffmail.com
Mr. Gopal Garg has nearly 2 years of research and teaching experience. He is a hard working researcher. Mr. Garg did his masters degree from Dept. of Pharmacy, Dr. H. S. Gour University, SAGAR. He has over 7 publications to his credit published in international and national journals. His research interest extends from Analytical technique to phytochemical estimation. Presently, he is working as a Lecturer at Institute of pharmacy Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (C.G.)
Mr. R. B. Saudagar has nearly 10 years of research and teaching experience. Mr Saudagar did his masters degree from Dept. of Pharmacy, of SGSITS Indore. He has over 5 publications to his credit published in international and national journals. His research interest extends from analytical methods, Drug synthesis. Presently, he is working as a Lecturer at Institute of Pharmacy Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (C.G.)
Dr. (Mrs). Swarnlata Saraf has nearly 14 years of research and teaching experience. She is a leading scientist and well-known in the field of herbal Cosmetics. Dr. (Mrs.) Saraf did her doctoral research at the Dept. of Pharmacy, Dr. H. S. Gour University, SAGAR. She has over 40 publications to her credit published in international and national journals. She is an active member of IPA ,APTI and ISTE. Her research interest extends from Herbal Cosmetics to transdermal drug delivery (Iontiphoresis), New Drug Delivery Systems for biological therapeutic agents. She has Co-authored 1 books, (in press). Presently She is working as a Reader at Institute of pharmacy Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University,Raipur,(C.G.).
Prof. S. Saraf has nearly 17 years of research and teaching experience at U.G. and P.G. level. He is a leading scientist and well-known academician . Prof. Saraf did his doctoral research at the Dept. of Pharmacy, Dr. H. S. Gour University, SAGAR. He has over 50 research publications to his credit published in international and national journals. He has delivered invited lectures and chaired many sessions in several National Conferences and Symposia in India. His research interest extends from Herbal Cosmetics to Herbal drug standardization Modern analytical techniques, New Drug Delivery Systems with biotechnology bias. He has authored 1 books, in press. Presently, he is Professor and Director Institute of pharmacy and Dean, Faculty of Technology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , (C.G.). E-mail: shailendrasaraf@rediffmail.com