Pharmaceutical Reviews

Abstract:

G.B. Jadhav, C.D. Upasani , and R.A. Patil

The aim of this review, a summary of the Intake, Absorption, Conjugation, Toxicity and putative biological actions of flavonoids, was to obtain a further understanding of the reported beneficial health effects of these substances.

Abstract

Two widely faced challenges in oral drug delivery are pill-swallowing difficulty and delivery of unpalatable drugs.

Herbs are vital source of drugs from the ancient time holding the scenario of the Indian system of medicine.

“The two sweeteners when combined have a synergistic effect that is the sweetness of the combination is greater than the sum of the individual parts. This is true for most sweetener blends”

1. Introduction :

Liver is the principle organ for maintaining the body’s internal environment.  The liver has a major influence on the flow of nutrients the rest of the body’s, it control the metabolism of carbohydrate, proteins and fats.

Liver is also the biggest reticulo- endothelial organ in the body as such has important immune function in maintaining body integrity.

Medicinal chemistry, like synthetic chemistry, comprises both art and science.

It requires a comprehensive mind to collect and synthesize mountains of data, chemical and biological. It requires the instinct to select the right direction to pursue, and the intellect to plan and execute the strategy that leads to the desired compound.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in elderly population.

It destroys sharp, central vision, which is needed for seeing objects clearly and for common daily tasks such as reading and driving.   AMD may be detected with a combination of tests such as   visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, tonometry, Amsler grid and fluorescein angiogram.  This condition is not curable.

However, the progress of   the disease to an advanced stage can be prevented. Current treatment options   include laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy and anti- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) therapy. There is a need to develop innovative drug delivery strategies to administer drugs   effectively  to the posterior segment of the eye.  This article reviews the brief patho physiology, ongoing research, and recent combination drug therapies indicated in the treatment of AMD

Liposomes need to be stable in biological fluids and establish long circulation times when administered intravenously.

Liposomes have very short circulation times. This shortcoming has been overcome by the inclusion of the polyethylene glycol derivatized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the liposome membrane. Due to new developments in liposome technology, several liposome based drug formulations are currently in clinical trials and recently some of them have been approved for clinical use. This review presents the brief theoretical description of long circulating liposomes and the major problem associated with long circulating liposomes that is accelerated blood clearance (ABC) on repeated injection.